Sep 03, 2008 an open cycle refrigeration system is that the system is without a traditional evaporator. When powered on, the evaporator fans run continuously except when the system is in defrost and for a short period after the defrost cycle is complete. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology gunt hamburg. Design of refrigeration system using refrigerant r4a for macro compartment conference paper pdf available in journal of physics conference series 9081. Recognize the characteristics and procedures required to service and troubleshoot rcfri gerat ion systems. It is recommended that this be done at least every three months. The ppt contains detailed study of all the components used in refrigeration and air conditioning system with neat sketches and description. These systems consist of an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor and an expansion valve. In order to maintain proper refrigeration performance, the condenser fins must be cleaned of dust, dirt and grease regularly. The information included on refrigeration components is general in nature and is intended only to give a brief description of their operation. Your customers may not need to go beyond this simple understanding of refrigeration.
While some people have viewed this method as environmentally harmful and inefficient, the cycle is still applicable in the industrial sphere. The vaporcompression refrigeration cycle has four components. Coolpack tutorial page 6 the group eescooltools contains a large collection of programs for both refrigeration systems and components. Compression cycle 3 briefly explain the fundamental principles which make the compression refrigeration cycle work. It is a compression process, whose aim is to raise the refrigerant pressure, as it flows from an evaporator. Mechanical refrigeration is accomplished by continuously circulating, evaporating, and condensing a fixed supply of refrigerant in a closed system. The objective of this work is to design a lithium bromidewater librh2o absorption refrigerator with a nominal capacity of 5. Placing each component in its proper sequence within the system. The refrigerant is let into and measured by a flow control device, and eventually released to the compressor.
Introduction a major application area of thermodynamics is refrigeration, which is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature one. The condenser in the refrigeration process hvac heating. This video is an animation of how the refrigeration cycle works, with each components function. The next section covers the air cycle and how air is used to deliver and maintain comfort. We here focus on refrigeration cycles more than on the actual componen ts used. A bench top unit specifically designed for unsupervised operation. Ideal basic refrigeration cycle the ideal basic refrigeration cycle consists of four components, connected by piping with refrigerant flowing through the system.
Basic refrigeration cycle nina sri maulani 121624023 tptu 2012 2. The compressor is widely considered the engine of the refrigeration cycle. The compressor the condensing coil the metering device the evaporator 3. Singlecompound fluids can be combined to form blends of up to five components.
The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. Refrigeration cycle refrigeration is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region refrigeration cycle is the vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, where the refrigerant is vaporized and condenses alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase. Computationally, the program is fully compatible with the nist reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties. Pdf design of refrigeration system using refrigerant r4a. From the end of the evaporator, through the compressor, up to the beginning of the condenser 5. We work together with our clients in order to make the most suitable systems for the vessel. Tubing or lines make the system complete so that the refrigerant will not leak out into the atmosphere. Also an absorber, a pump and a generator are used to complete the cycle.
Function of a compressor the function of a compressor is the same for either refrigeration or ac. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle, step by step. Automatic controls for industrial refrigeration systems. Also covered in this chapter are the methods used for installing, maintaining, and repairing refrigeration equipment, including domestic refrigerators and freezers. The refrigeration system requires some means of connecting the basic major components evaporator, compressor, condenser, and metering device just as roads connect communities. Inverter reciprocating compressor variable speed drive. Where in the compressionrefrigeration cycle is the refrigerant superheated. The problem is how to convey heat from an area of a given temperature to an area of higher temperature. The pressureenthalpy chart plots the properties of a refrigerantrefrigerant pressure vertical axis versus enthalpy. You can describe something as cold and everyone will know what you mean.
If we understand how the refrigeration cycle works, well understand how any air conditioner works. The cooled supply air leaves the cooling coil and the air cycle repeats. These components may be in difference shape, capacity and size, but it does the same thing. Performance analysis of vapour compression refrigeration system with r404a, r407c and r410a jyoti soni 1 and r c gupta corresponding author. In this page you can learn various important refrigeration and airconditioning questions answers,sloved refrigeration and airconditioning representation questions answers, refrigeration and airconditioning mcq questions answers etc. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration system components air one. The 6 main components of a refrigeration system bartlett.
The 6 main components of a refrigeration system bartlett blog. Figure 1 is a flow diagram of a typical singlestage ammonia system, showing its basic components. Graphics and animations are used in an attempt to make it easy to understand the concepts involved. Pdf design of refrigeration system using refrigerant r4a for. Top 20 conversion for hvac interviews with pdf file conversion 1. Refrigeration system components evaporator condenser receiver. The refrigeration cycle consists of five components. Able to analyze the efficiency of refrigeration system. The compressor hvac refrigeration in a typical hvac air conditioner or heat pump, there are four major components that make the process of refrigeration work. Two different pressures exist in the refrigeration cycle. Clear explanation about refrigeration cycle process. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines. Evaporative, thermoelectric, absorption, mechanical compression 2 which type of cooling mechanism is used in the most applications.
The illustration above is a consumers understanding of refrigeration. The condensing unit will cycle onoff to maintain walkin temperature. The first component in the process is a compressor or the heart of an air conditioner or heat pump system. Jun 25, 2003 illustration of the basic refrigeration cycle. To study the analysis of simple vapour compression cycle and explain the types of vapour compression cycle with ts and ph diagram. In order to cool the space or any object the refrigeration process need four components. Refrigeration systems and applications, third edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of refrigeration and air conditioning. Results of first and second law analysis for steadyflow.
Refrigeration prevents any damage to the cargo or decay of perishable foods, like growth of microorganisms, oxidation, fermentation and drying out of cargo. T he refrigerant of the system is an open flow and is. In the process of being compressed the cool, gaseous refrigerant is turned to a very hot and highpressure vapor. Therefore, for the same cooling load, gas refrigeration cycle machines require a larger mass flow rate, which in turn increases their size. An overview of the basic refrigeration cycle duration. The refrigeration systems commonly used for air conditioning can be classified by the type of input energy and the refrigeration process as follows. Inverter reciprocating technology from 848 kw 35 tons with r4a saves on a running costs. The science behind refrigeration berg chilling systems inc. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. Refrigeration is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a. This video is an animation of how the refrigeration cycle. Oct 26, 2001 seven separate components are needed in a basic system for this refrigeration cycle to work. We have chosen to divide this group into four subgroups as shown on figure 2.
The different stages in the refrigeration cycle are undergone in these physical systems. Rev pages chapter 9 refrigerants, refrigeration cycles, and. Some basic refrigeration cycles are discussed here through different diagrams. The ideal basic refrigeration cycle consists of four components, connected by piping with refrigerant. There are 4 main components in a mechanical refrigeration system. The major components and phases of the refrigeration cycle will be observed. Refrigeration cycle is the basis of all refrigeration systems. In this laboratory students measure evaporative cooling, the central phenomenon underlying most refrigeration processes. Refrigeration system controls are used to control the temperatures, pressures and fan speeds within a distributed, commercial refrigeration system, and to automatically adjust the refrigeration system operation to reflect changes in load, weather conditions, and operating requirements.
Thermodynamic analysis of vapor absorption refrigeration. Since all air conditioners have the same basic five components and the basic refrigeration cycle. The suction gas for the refrigeration system might be from a storage tank or from a pipeline, the refrigeration system is to liquefy the gas and send the liquid to other facility or to a storage tank. Cascade cycle is used where a very wide range of temperature between tl and th is required. First of all, did you know that there is no such thing as cold. Refrigeration involves the removal of heat from spaces, objects or materials while maintaining their temperature below the surrounding atmosphere. We focus on our core business of making quality products, components and systems that enhance performance and reduce total life cycle costs the key to major savings. Ship refrigeration systems play a vital part on ships carrying refrigerated cargo and victuals for the crew or passengers. A diagram of a typical vaporcompression refrigeration cycle can be superimposed on a pressureenthalpy ph chart to demonstrate the function of each component in the system. The groups also represent the four phases of designing a refrigeration system. Because its function is to absorb heat into the refrigeration system from where you dont want it, the evaporator is placed in the area to be cooled. For both efficiencies higher order polynomial fit should be considered.
In the condenser the pressurized gases turns back from a gas stage into a liquid. The last two sections of part 1 cover the refrigeration cycles used to control temperature and humidity. Here the heat energy is utilized to achieve the refrigeration. The hot gas leaving the compressor condenses in the condenser via heat transfer to the environment. Figure shows the components in the cycle and figure 14 shows the basic cycle on the ph diagram. The compressor is a vapour compression pump which uses pistons or some other method to compress the refrigerant gas and send it on its way to the condenser. Part 2 covers the types of equipment used in residential and commercial buildings to control comfort conditions. To study works principle of steam jet refrigeration system. Operation of ammonia refrigeration systems international institute of ammonia refrigeration introduction the purpose of this chapter is to provide a reference document containing suggested practices for the operation of an ammonia refrigeration system. Refrigeration systems and applications wiley online books. Ammonia refrigeration is one of the older types of refrigeration that is still used today. The most common refrigeration system in use today involves the input of work from a compressor and uses the vapor compression cycle.
In the gas cycle, the refrigeration effect is equal to the product of the specific heat of the gas and the rise in temperature of the gas in the low temperature side. However, they may expect you to have a much greater indepth understanding of refrigeration to help them solve their cooling needs. Schematic of a basic vapor compression refrigeration system it can be seen that the condenser has to be capable of rejecting the combined heat inputs of the evaporator and the compressor. Back to basics whether youre new to refrigeration or just want to brush up on your basics, the following information may be useful. As the main four components, namely condenser, compressor, evaporator and expansion valve are fully developed, the refrigeration system is. So refrigeration cycle should be known to understand the refrigeration system.
Refrigeration would not exist without these basic components. Th movement cooling by the removal of heat the movement of heat from a place where it is notot a ted to a wanted to a. Evaporation occurs at a low temperature and low pressure while condensation occurs at a high temperature and high pressure. Pdf design of refrigeration system using refrigerant. The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. Controls for commercial refrigeration controls for industrial refrigeration. This is because it is a reliable and efficient refrigerant with years of safe. This is the part of the refrigeration system that is doing the actual cooling. Describe the stages of heat theory and the principles involved in heat transfer, and recognize various components of refrigeration systems and their application. Hvac and refrigeration system bureau of energy efficiency 73 figure 4. Parts of a cooling compressor and description of cooling cycle duration. What components are responsible for maintaining the high and low pressures in a compression refrigeration system. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration cycle one of the. R633 unit ozone friendly, low pressure, nontoxic working fluid allows evaporation and condensation to be seen in glass cylinders.
Sep 10, 2016 the compressor is widely considered the engine of the refrigeration cycle. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration system components. While the average person doesnt realize it, just about all food and drinks that are purchased have been kept cold using ammonia refrigeration at some point along the way. Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver expansion device. The suction line connects the evaporator or cooling coil to. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is nearly 200 years old, but it does not seem ready to leave the scene any time soon. This section explains in basic terms the principles that are used to create the refrigeration effect. The evaporator boils the liquid refrigerant at a low temperature, which causes the refrigerant to absorb heat. Refrigeration systems refer to the different physical components that make up the total refrigeration unit. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle involves four components.
Components of refrigeration also assembly, troubleshooting, maintenance. Materials as printouts and additionally also as pdf files. Fast response to controls allows efficient use of laboratory time. Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature.
Zubair latif comsats institute of information technology, lahore 2. This example models a vaporcompression refrigeration cycle using twophase fluid components. Refrigeration manual, and follows part 1, fundamentals of refrigeration. Refrigeration cycle demonstration unit r633 figure 1. It compress the refrigerants and then these compressed gases gets heat up and leads to raise the refrigerants pressure. Any components beyond these basic 4 are called accessories. The safeguard viewer will look and work very much like you are accessing a regular pdf file, however, the software helps to maintain the security of our products. The main components there are four main components in a refrigeration system. As the refrigerant vapor makes its way through the condenser coil more and more heat is removed and the refrigerant vapor changes state from a refrigerant vapor to a refrigerant liquid. The compressor drives the r4a refrigerant through a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator. The condenser in the refrigeration process the condenser coil receives the highpressure hightemperature refrigerant vapor from the compressor and immediately begins to remove heat from the refrigerant vapor. It is well formed a slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Oct 12, 2012 this video is an animation of how the refrigeration cycle works, with each components function. Detailed information as to specific products is available from manufacturers of components and accessories.
Refrigeration cycle refrigeration effect subcooled liquid total heat rejection b split ac system components compression lift mixture region. Cascading improves the cop of a refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration and airconditioning objective questions mcq. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. An electric heater or steam is used to add the heat to the refrigerant for its evaporation. Discuss basic components of a vapour compression refrigeration system. Refrigeration and air conditioning system components.
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